Carbon materials for extraction of uranium from seawater.

With the rapid growth of population and industrialization, the energy crisis and environmental pollution as two main difficulties urgently need to be solved nowadays. The development and utilization of nuclear energy is of great significance for solving energy support, national security and environmental protection. As the raw material of nuclear energy, a lot of uranium in seawater provide a guarantee for the sustainable and green development of nuclear power plants. Recently, various new carbon-based materials (e.g., carbon nanofibers, multiwalled carbon nanotube, graphene) have been attracted widely intense interest in extraction of uranium from seawater due to large specific surface area, excellent acid-base resistance, high adsorption performance, environmental friendly and low cost. Thus, the systematic reviews concerning the extraction of uranium from seawater on various carbon-based materials were highly desirable. In this review, the extraction methods of uranium from seawater, including electrochemical, photocatalytic and adsorption methods are briefly introduced. Then the application and mechanism of four generation carbon-based materials on the extraction of uranium from seawater are systematically reviewed in details. Finally, the current challenges and future trends of uranium extraction from seawaters are proposed. This review provides the guideline for designing carbon-based materials with high adsorption capacity and exceptional selectivity for U(VI) extraction from seawater.

Environmental application of emerging zero-valent iron-based materials on removal of radionuclides from the wastewater: A review.

Owing to high surface energy, strong chemical reactivity and large surface area, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) as a novel emerging material has been extensively utilized in environmental cleanup. Although a lot of reviews regarding the removal of organic contaminants and heavy metals on nZVI are summarized in recent years, the advanced progress concerning the removal of radionuclides on nZVI is still scarce. In this review, we summarized the removal of technetium (Tc), uranium (U), selenium (Se) and other radionuclides on nZVI and nZVI-based composites, then their interaction mechanisms were reviewed in details. This review is crucial for the environmental chemist and material engineer to exploit the actual application of nZVI-based composites as the emerging materials of permeable reactive barrier on the removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions.

A robust prediction of U(VI) sorption on Fe3O4/activated carbon composites with surface complexation model.

A robust prediction of U(VI) on Fe3O4/activated carbon (Fe3O4/AC, fabricated by co-precipitation method under N2 conditions) under different pH was developed via diffuse layer model, in accordance with FI-IR, XRD and XPS analysis. No influence of ionic strength onto U(VI) adsorption by Fe3O4/AC under ambient conditions suggested the inner-sphere surface adsorption, which was attributed to abundant surficial functional groups according to FT-IR and XPS analysis. The batch experiments indicated Fe3O4/AC with fast adsorption rate (equilibrium within 60 min), high adsorption capacity (56 mg/g at pH 4.0) towards U(VI). The adsorbed U(VI) was partly reduced by Fe2+ of Fe3O4/AC by XPS analysis. Surface complexation modeling showed that a single set of monodentate and mononuclear species (SOUO2+) cannot predict U(VI) adsorption at high pH, whereas the robust prediction of U(VI) adsorption over wide pH range was observed by adding the other binuclear and tridentate species ((SO)2UO2(CO3)6-). These findings revealed that magnetic AC as a candidate for immobilization and/or preconcentration of radioactive wastewater in environment management.